What Is Vikram Samvat? History, Calendar System, and Significance

Vikram Samvat is one of India’s oldest traditional calendar systems, widely followed in northern and western India as well as Nepal. It is a luni-solar calendar that integrates lunar months with solar movement.

Origin and History of Vikram Samvat

The Vikram Samvat era is traditionally associated with King Vikramaditya of Ujjain and is dated to 57 BCE. Over centuries, it became the standard calendar for temples, inscriptions, and religious observances.

Why Vikram Samvat Is 56–57 Years Ahead

The difference arises from its starting point in 57 BCE and because the Hindu New Year begins with Chaitra Shukla Pratipada rather than January 1.

Structure of the Vikram Samvat Calendar

Each lunar month is divided into Shukla Paksha and Krishna Paksha, consisting of thirty tithis. Sankrantis ensure seasonal alignment.

Adhik Maas and Solar Adjustments

Adhik Maas is inserted approximately every 32–36 months to correct the difference between lunar and solar years and maintain seasonal accuracy.

Significance in Modern Times

Vikram Samvat remains essential for festival planning, Panchang readings, temple rituals, and auspicious timings. Nepal continues to use it as its official national calendar.

Final Thoughts

Vikram Samvat is more than a calendar—it is a living tradition that preserves India’s cultural, spiritual, and astronomical heritage.