Adhik Maas Explained – Why an Extra Month Appears Every Few Years

The Hindu Calendar follows a sophisticated luni-solar system in which both the Moon’s cycles and the Sun’s movement are used to measure time. Lunar months are determined by the phases of the Moon, while seasons depend on the Sun’s position. Because a lunar year is shorter than a solar year, this dual system requires periodic correction. This correction comes in the form of an additional month known as Adhik Maas, also called Purushottam Maas.

What Is Adhik Maas?

Adhik Maas is an extra lunar month added to the Hindu Calendar to balance the difference between the lunar year of approximately 354 days and the solar year of about 365 days. Over time, this gap accumulates and requires correction to prevent seasonal drift.

Why Does Adhik Maas Occur?

Adhik Maas occurs when a complete lunar month passes without a Sankranti, meaning the Sun does not enter a new zodiac sign during that period. The absence of Sankranti triggers the insertion of an extra month.

How Are Lunar Months Named?

Lunar months are named based on the Nakshatra near which the Full Moon occurs, while Sankranti defines solar months. This distinction explains why Adhik Maas can exist.

Spiritual Significance of Adhik Maas

Adhik Maas is considered highly auspicious for spiritual practices such as prayer, fasting, charity, and scriptural study. It is traditionally dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is believed to enhance spiritual merit.

Final Thoughts

Adhik Maas is a vital component of Hindu timekeeping that preserves the harmony between lunar cycles and solar seasons. It reflects the advanced astronomical understanding embedded in the Panchang system.